FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCE - Essay Example So, going by the NPV rule projects B and C are the ones that SKATE plc should consider investing in. However, since project C is expected to generate much greater present value for the firm, it is the one that should be invested in if the firm is under the obligation to choose only one from the given set of three alternatives. The IRR rule says invest in a project only if the IRR is greater than the required rate of return. So in the given situation we have to calculate the IRRs for the three projects and compare those to the given required rate of return, 15%. So we find that the IRR to be lesser than the required rate of return in case of project A and greater for project B and C implying that only these latter two should be considered for investment. And the fact that the IRR is so high in case of project C implies that it is the project that should be chosen if only one has to be chosen. So we find similar results and suggestions for both the NPV and the IRR criteria. The discounted payback rule is another criterion for investment projects. Essentially this measure discounts the future cash flows obtainable from a certain project to calculate the time the project takes to payback the initial investment and hence the name. If for instance, X is the amount that needs to be initially invested, this rule solves for that value of T which satisfies the equation Where Ct represents the cash flow at time t and r is the discount rate representing the time value of money. If the value of T is lower than some predetermined time period, the project should be accepted according to this rule. So, with the cut off period being one year, project B should be accepted according to the discounted payback rule as the project generates cash flows the discounted values of which are greater than the initial investment in the first period itself. Similarly, for project C, we get C1/ (1.15) = 78.2609 > 50 = C0 implying that this project also pays back he invested

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists :: essays research papers

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists From 1787-1790 the development of the American Constitution was a battle between two opposing political philosophies. America’s best political minds gathered in Philadelphia and other cities in the Northeast in order to find common ground in a governmental structure. The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists had both some political thoughts that agreed as well as some political thoughts that disagreed. However, both parties would compromise and ultimately come together. The Federalist Party, led by James Madison, was in favor of the newly formed Constitution. One of the main objects of the federal constitution is to secure the union and in addition include any other states that would arise as a part of the union. The federal constitution would also set its aim on improving the infrastructure of the union. This would include improvements on roads, accommodations for travelers, and interior navigation. Another consideration for the Federalist Constitution would be in regards to the safety of each individual state. They believed that each state should find an inducement to make some sacrifices for the sake of the general protection. The Anti-Federalist Party, led by Patrick Henry, objected to the constitution. They objected to it for a few basic reasons. Mostly the Anti-Federalists thought that the Constitution created too strong a central government. They felt that the Constitution did not create a Federal government, but a single national government. They were afraid that the power of the states would be lost and that the people would lose their individual rights because a few individuals would take over. They proposed a â€Å"Bill of Rights†, to make sure the citizens were protected by the law. They believed that no Bill of Rights would be equal to no check on our government for the people.

Madame Bovary Analysis Essay

In Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, the story predominately follows how Emma Bovary becomes disenchanted with her lifestyle as the wife of Charles Bovary and seeks to find the unobtainable life she so desperately dreams of from the books she reads. However, before all of that, Charles Bovary has a history of his own with a previous marriage and a dreary childhood. In the passage describing a request for his services and his journey to a distance farm, the descriptive imagery and juxtaposition of his thoughts convey how static his character is. Flaubert chooses to describe Charles Bovary’s demeanor and actions as easy going to illustrate to the audience how his personality is both average and carefree. When a man frantically comes to their home in the middle of the night with a letter requesting Charles to set a broken leg, he â€Å"lean[s] his elbow on the pillow to read it† (11). Disregarding the fact that the situation is considered to be an emergency to many, Charles leisurely takes his time in his own comfort. This goes back to his growing up when chose to not prepare for his examination, resulting in his failure. He does not understand the gravity of circumstances and does everything as he pleases. This is further exemplified when he decides to leave â€Å"three hours later,† all â€Å"well wrapped† and moving in a â€Å"peaceful trot† (11-12). Rather than trying to get there as fast as he can, he goes at a pace where he can even fall asleep. He has little to no concern for the patient that is urgently waiting for him to put him out of excruciating pain. He has to make an attempt to â€Å"recall the broken leg† along with any knowledge he has on how to fix it during the journey (12). His lack of ambition is prevalent in this scene as it brings up his past apathy towards his schoolwork, which is catching up with him now, along with his currently indifference towards his work. He has no desire to excel in his job; he is perfectly content being an average man doing average work. This insight to his character shows how for a good portion of his life already, he has little to no goals in life and will most likely never strive to go above the ordinary. The description of Charles lethargically treating his job reveals his unchanging dispirited outlook on life. Flaubert’s use of juxtaposition when Charles is confused between his memories from long ago and from now to elucidate the lack of development within his character. He becomes disoriented between his life as a â€Å"student and [a] married man† because of his similarities in them, leading back to the idea that he has not changed much within the past years (12). The way he goes about regarding any task, whether it be in school or in his current home, is very calm and passive. He is already a grown man with a job and a wife, yet his personality has remained unchanging. The reflection that he has unveils to us how, due to the stationary nature of his character, time has passed in a continuum such that he cannot distinguish when moments of his life have passed. Comparing his life in medical school with the â€Å"iron rings of the bed curtains running on their rods† to his present life in a home with â€Å"his wife sleeping,† though most would think them to be vastly differing, the way he approaches them is the same—laid back to the point where he cannot distinguish between them anymore (12). By placing these two scenarios next to each other, Flaubert signals to the readers that, similar to how Charles has not changed from his childhood to now, he will continue to remain this mediocre man even in the future. Although we do not know why yet, this mindset of his seems to have importance towards the rest of the story. Altogether, the juxtaposition of Charles’ former and current self highlights the importance of his ordinary persona. Flaubert’s use of language brings out Charles Bovary’s passive behavior, indicating a significance in his sedentary character for later chapters. Charles’ easy going demeanor, not laudable nor detrimental, seems to be a base off which other characters are compared to. Since he does not strive for much nor cause harm, he acts as a norm for people to relate to.

Description Of A Circadian Rhythm - 1590 Words

A circadian rhythm is a 24 hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings, including plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria. Although they are endogenously generated, they respond to external stimuli such as sunlight and temperature. Circadian rhythms are important in determining the sleeping and feeding patterns of all animals, including humans. In humans, the 24 hour cycle is centered within the hypothalamus, which uses certain cells within the retina of the eye to detect the level of brightness all around; these cells are called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells or pRGCs. PRGCs send collected information through the optic nerve to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain’s master clock; which coordinates smaller body clocks that govern the behavior of cells throughout the body. The suprachiasmatic nuclei is a tiny patch of around 200,000 neurons. Nearly every cell in the human body keeps time by its own means; they keep time locally, helping them figur e out when to use energy, rest, repair DNA, or replicate. Taking light as its cue, the master clock determines a continuous cycle of physiological change within cells; this includes the production of hormones that prepare the human body for waking and sleeping hours. â€Å"Interestingly, animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a free-running rhythm. Their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward each â€Å"day†, depending on whether their â€Å"day†, is shorter orShow MoreRelatedEssay on importance of sleep979 Words   |  4 Pagesstates, non-REM and REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. Sleep is characterized by two distinct states, non-REM sleep and REM sleep. Non-REM and REM sleep alternate in 90- to 110-minute cycles. A normal sleep pattern has 4-5 cycles. The diagram and descriptions below illustrate the architecture of sleep. This explains why the cycles of sleep have been compared to going up and down a stairway. The five-step sleep cycle repeats itself throughout a night of sleeping, much like a roller coaster. As a personRead MoreThe Health Benefits Of Sleep1651 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world to sleep, we become numb, deaf and inattentive of our inner selves. There s always a certain time in the night that our body is perfectly telling us to sleep because we are in tune with the nature’s cycle of life and of the earth’s circadian rhythms or relating to biological processes occurring at 24-hour intervals and that is our innate body clock, but we often ignore it because of all unfinished tasks, duties, businesses, chores and every satisfying act of making something happen throughRead MoreEssay on Body Temp and Reaction Time1848 Words   |  8 Pagesend of the project description. READ THE RUBRIC COMPLETELY BEFORE BEGINNING THIS PROJECT! Introduction: In order to stay healthy and to function efficiently, living things must coordinate their internal processes with the external world. The most obvious feature of our environment that most creatures have to respond to is the daily cycle of light and dark. Biological processes that follow this 24-hour cycle, such as our sleep-wake cycle, are said to follow a circadian rhythm. One of the best-knownRead More D. Virginiana (Didelphis Marsupialis) Essay2436 Words   |  10 PagesD. Virginiana (Didelphis Marsupialis) The text of this paper will cover a description of D. virginiana, its ecology, history, and research involving the species. The first topic to be discussed by this paper is a description of D. virginiana, which was until recently referred to as Didelphis marsupialis. The description of the opossum will start with a taxonomic description of the species. Following, will be the opossums appearance, and last will be the life cycleRead MoreThe Ethological Attachment Theory1658 Words   |  7 Pageswhich of the following? Insufficient dietary protein Which the following is associated with SIDS? A history of Apnea In the United States, which group has the highest infant mortality rate? African Americans Which of the following is the best description of tertiary circular reactions? The child engages in purposeful scientific exploration, initially through trial-and-error processes According to Piaget, ____________________ describe a babys simple repetitive actions that are organized aroundRead MoreResearch Article On Sleep Quality And A Randomized Clinical Trial Of Day And Night Shift Workers 1991 Words   |  8 Pagescategorized the types of circadian rhythms (morning, evening or neither) was also utilized in the study, the Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire by Horne and Ostberg (1976). If participants scored in the top or bottom 15% they were considered to have morning or evening rhythms, if the were in the middle 70% they were considered to have neither. This questionnaire was modified from a Chinese version and the Cronbach’s alpha was given for its reliability and validity. The description of the instrumentsRead MoreSleep Deprivation Is A Condition That Occurs If A Person Does Not Receive Enough Sleep1362 Words   |  6 Pagesa variety of nurses struggle with when working night shifts. Researchers believe that nurses who work night shifts in m edical institutions usually suffer from sleep deprivation, which in turn cause headaches and adversely affects human biological rhythms. This causes disruption of important physiological functions, which in turn leads to the increase of medical errors. Lack of sleep, as a result, can affect s nurse’s state of health, their family relationships, and nurse to patient interactions. ThusRead MoreDisadvantages Of Phones While Driving1181 Words   |  5 Pagesto the blue light emitted by a cell phone. According to Lisa Ostrin, an assistant professor focused in accommodative physiology at the University of Houston, she found that â€Å"blue light boosts alertness and regulates our internal body clock, or circadian rhythm, that tells our bodies when to sleep† (â€Å"Device Light†). In turn, when exposed to the blue light produced by a cell phone, a person will become more focused and awake. Chemically, the light causes the body to produce less melatonin, a hormoneRead MoreRichard Wright s Impact On Society1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmaternal grandparents as anything but â€Å"ideal.† I asked Richard to elaborate that statement, and based upon what he expounded, it sounds as if Richard’s maternal grandmother is the main origin of his psychological disquiet. According to Richard’s descriptions, she is an authoritarian Seventh-Day Adventist who refers to literary works of fiction as â€Å"Devil stuff.† His maternal grandmother even went as far as to vociferate at Richard, telling him that he was â€Å"going to burn in hell.† Undoubtedly, RichardRead MoreSleep Is The Best Meditation Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesreliable and valid data. Works that were excluded were mainly ones that did not provide relevant information pertaining to the specific aims of the project, were not written in English, only studied one insomnia subtype, or were only focused on the circadian rhythm (Edinger et al., 2004). Of the 433 article s reviewed, only 165 were retained for data extraction. The bulk of those articles were group comparisons, case series - descriptive, and case reports. The samples contained in the selected articles provided